This option will permanently remove any 'orphan' loans that no longer have a borrower attached or the title has been deleted. This can occur when indexes are corrupted, a resource has been culled using a buffer file or the borrower has been deleted with loans still outstanding (possible in earlier versions)
Cleanup Loans is one of the housekeeping tasks carried out automatically when a full backup has been done ie Utilities / Backup-Restore / Backup so it is unlikely you will ever actually opt to run this function